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Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes and measures of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it. Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics. These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels. Employment expanded consistently during the 1990s, but has been inconsistent since due to recessions in 2001 and 2007-2009. By some measures, the number of persons employed regained its 2007 pre-crisis peak only in 2014, but the labor force participation rate remained below its 2007 level.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FiveThirtyEight-The Job Market Five Year Recovery in Ten Charts-June 6, 2014 )〕 Unemployment generally falls during periods of economic prosperity and rises during recessions, creating significant pressure on public finances as tax revenue falls and social safety net costs increase. The major political parties debate appropriate solutions for improving the job creation rate, with liberals arguing for more government stimulus spending and conservatives arguing for lower taxes and less regulation. Polls indicate that Americans believe job creation is the most important government priority, with not sending jobs overseas the primary solution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gallup Poll-Americans' Top Job-Creation Idea: Stop Sending Work Overseas-March 31, 2011 )〕 Much of the 2012 Presidential campaign focused on job creation as a first priority, but the fiscal cliff and other budgetary debates took precedence in 2012 and early 2013. Critics argued prioritizing deficit reduction was misplaced, as there was no immediate fiscal crisis but there was a high level of unemployment, particularly long-term unemployment. Job creation during 2014 was the best since 1999, averaging over 200,000 jobs created per month. There were 10.9 million jobs created over a 57-month period ending November 2014.〔(President Obama Weekly Address-Whitehouse.gov-December 6, 2014 )〕 Unemployment can be measured in several ways. A person is unemployed if they are jobless but looking for a job and available for work. People who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. For example, as of June 2015, the unemployment rate in the United States was 5.3%〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal Reserve Database-FRED-Data Series UNRATE )〕 or 8.3 million people,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal Reserve Database-FRED-Data Series Unemploy )〕 while the government's broader U-6 unemployment rate, which includes the part-time underemployed was 10.5%〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal Reserve Database-FRED-Data Series U6RATE-August 2015 )〕 or 16.5 million people. These figures were calculated with a civilian labor force of approximately 157.0 million people,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal Reserve Database-CLF160V Data Series )〕 relative to a U.S. population of approximately 321 million people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FRED Database-POP Data Series-U.S. Population )〕 The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes a monthly "Employment Situation Summary" with key statistics and commentary.〔(BLS-Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey-Retrieved October 11, 2015 )〕 In 2014, Williams County, North Dakota had the lowest percentage of unemployed people of any county or census area in the United States, at 1.2 percent, while Wade Hampton Census Area, Alaska had the highest, at 23.7 percent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics )〕 ==Definitions of unemployment== The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has defined the basic employment concepts as follows: * People with jobs are employed. * People who are jobless, looking for jobs, and available for work are unemployed. * People who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unemployment in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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